overhead的意思和例句？

一、overhead的意思和例句？

在空中的，在头顶上的

thesunwasdirectlyoverhead.

太阳当头照。

姬俯灌谎弑荷鬼捅邯拉

Theoverheadbirdflewaway.

头上的鸟飞走了。

Manystarsoverheadareinvisibletothenakedeye.

天上的许多星星是肉眼看不到的。

二、Understanding the Significance of Overhead in Finance

Introduction

In the realm of finance, overhead is a fundamental concept that plays a crucial role in the financial operations of a business or organization. As various expenses have a direct impact on the financial health and profitability of an entity, it is imperative to comprehend the meaning and significance of overhead in finance.

Defining Overhead

Overhead refers to the ongoing expenses that a business incurs to operate and maintain its operations, excluding direct costs related to producing goods or delivering services. These expenses are necessary for the day-to-day functioning of a company and are generally not directly traceable to a specific product or service.

Key Components of Overhead

Overhead encompasses a broad range of expenses, including but not limited to:

• Administrative costs: Expenses associated with general management, such as salaries of non-production staff, office supplies, and utility bills.
• Facility expenses: Costs related to maintaining and operating business premises, including rent, property taxes, and maintenance fees.
• Technology and communication costs: Expenditures on IT infrastructure, software licenses, internet connectivity, and telecommunications.
• Marketing and advertising expenses: Investments made to promote the business and attract customers.
• Insurance and legal fees: Payments for insurance coverage, legal consultations, and compliance-related activities.
• Depreciation and amortization: The gradual reduction of fixed asset values over time and the allocation of intangible asset costs.

Significance of Overhead in Finance

Overhead plays a vital role in financial decision-making and performance evaluation for businesses. Here are a few reasons why understanding overhead is essential:

• Budgeting and cost management: Accurately estimating and controlling overhead expenses is crucial for developing realistic budgets and effectively managing costs.
• Pricing and profitability analysis: Overhead costs need to be factored into the pricing of products or services to ensure profitability. Understanding these costs helps determine the breakeven point and set competitive pricing strategies.
• Investment decisions: Evaluating the impact of overhead expenses is critical when considering investments in new projects or expanding existing operations. High overhead costs may affect the financial feasibility and potential return on investment.
• Performance measurement: Overhead costs are often used as a basis for evaluating the efficiency and productivity of various business units or departments. Comparing overhead ratios across periods or benchmarking against industry averages helps identify areas for improvement.

Effective Overhead Management Strategies

To optimize financial performance and minimize inefficiencies, businesses can adopt the following strategies:

• Regular expense review: Periodically assess overhead expenses to identify potential cost-saving opportunities and eliminate unnecessary or redundant expenditures.
• Process optimization: Streamline operational workflows to reduce resource consumption and improve productivity, which can lead to lower overhead costs.
• Technology implementation: Leverage automation and digital tools to streamline administrative tasks, enhance communication, and reduce manual efforts, ultimately reducing overhead expenses.
• Vendor negotiation: Negotiate favorable terms with suppliers and service providers to secure cost-effective contracts and reduce expenses associated with procurement.
• Continuous improvement mindset: Encourage a culture of continuous improvement, where employees are empowered to identify and implement cost-saving initiatives.

Conclusion

By understanding the meaning and significance of overhead in finance, businesses can make more informed decisions, effectively manage costs, and improve overall financial performance. Regularly evaluating and optimizing overhead expenses is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and achieving sustainable growth.

Thank you for taking the time to read this article. We hope it provides you with valuable insights into the importance of overhead in finance and how it impacts the financial operations of organizations.

三、overhead projector是什么意思？

overhead projector英 [ˈəuvəhed prəˈdʒektə] 美 [ˈovɚˌhɛd prəˈdʒɛktɚ]n.高射投影仪投影机；投影仪；高射投影仪；高架投影机复数： overhead projectors双语例句1. Set up the overhead projector in the meeting room. (准备好会议室的投影幻灯机. )2. Here in China every classroom has its own TV and overhead projector. 在中国每个教室都有自己的电视机和投影机.3. Hank: I'd also like to test out the overhead projector. 汉克: 我也想测试一下投影机.4. Julie : Sure . Do you need an overhead projector or anything? 当然. 你需要用投影仪 吗 ?5. A figure was shown on the overhead projector. 图标被显示在头顶上的投影仪上.

四、overhead是可数名词吗？

overhead作名词时是可数名词，复数形式是overheads

overhead

美 /ˌoʊvərˈhed; ˈoʊvərˌhed/

英 /əʊvə'hed/

adv.

在头顶上方，在空中；在高处

adj.

在头上方的，在空中的；地面以上的，高架的；（费用、开支等）经常的，日常的；（驱动装置）顶置式的

n.

经常性支出，运营费用（常用复数 overheads）；（用于高射投影仪的）透明胶片；（飞机的）顶舱

双语例句:

The eagle flew overhead the tree.

老鹰从树上空飞过。

五、Understanding Overhead Costs in Finance: Definition and Importance

Introduction

In the world of finance, understanding overhead costs is crucial for the success and profitability of any business. Overhead costs, often known as indirect costs, play a significant role in financial decision-making, budgeting, and planning. In this article, we will define what overhead costs are, explore their importance in finance, and discuss how they impact a company's financial performance. Let's dive in!

What are Overhead Costs?

Overhead costs refer to the expenses incurred by a company that are not directly tied to the production of goods or services. They are indirect costs that support the overall operations of a business. Unlike direct costs which can be easily allocated to a specific product or service, overhead costs are shared among multiple activities or departments within an organization.

Common examples of overhead costs include:

• Rent and utilities for office space
• Employee salaries and benefits for non-production staff
• Insurance premiums
• Depreciation of assets
• Marketing and advertising expenses
• Legal and accounting fees

The Importance of Overhead Costs in Finance

Understanding and effectively managing overhead costs is essential for financial decision-making and planning. Here's why:

1. Cost Control and Efficiency

By analyzing overhead costs, businesses can identify areas where expenses can be reduced or eliminated. This helps to control costs and improve overall efficiency, leading to higher profitability. For example, a company can renegotiate lease agreements to obtain more favorable rental terms or invest in energy-efficient technologies to reduce utility expenses.

2. Pricing and Profitability Analysis

Including overhead costs in pricing calculations is crucial to ensure that products and services are sold at a profitable margin. Failing to consider overhead costs may result in underpricing, which can lead to financial losses in the long run.

3. Budgeting and Financial Planning

Accurately forecasting and allocating overhead costs enable businesses to create realistic budgets and develop effective financial plans. By understanding how much needs to be allocated for overhead costs, companies can better manage their resources and make informed decisions about investments and expenses.

4. Performance Evaluation

Overhead costs are often used as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of different departments or business units. By comparing actual overhead expenses with budgeted amounts, companies can identify areas of improvement, address inefficiencies, and enhance overall performance.

Conclusion

Overhead costs are essential components of a company's financial structure. By understanding the definition and importance of overhead costs in finance, businesses can make informed decisions, control expenses, and improve profitability. Effectively managing overhead costs allows companies to operate efficiently and stay competitive in the ever-changing business landscape. Thank you for reading this article, and we hope you found it helpful!

六、Understanding Overhead and Its Impact on Financial Performance in Business

Introduction

Overhead costs are a vital component of any business's financial structure. They include all the expenses incurred by a company that are not directly attributed to the production or delivery of goods or services. These expenses can significantly impact a company's financial performance and must be carefully managed to ensure profitability and sustainability. In this article, we will explore the concept of overhead costs in finance and their implications for businesses.

Defining Overhead Costs

In finance, overhead costs refer to the ongoing expenses that a company incurs to support its operations, but are not directly tied to the production process. These costs can include rent, utilities, insurance, administrative salaries, office supplies, and maintenance expenses. Unlike direct costs, such as materials and labor, overhead costs are not easily traceable to specific products or services.

Types of Overhead Costs

Overhead costs can be classified into two main categories:

1. Fixed Overhead Costs: These are expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales. Examples of fixed overhead costs include rent, property taxes, and insurance premiums. These costs are necessary for the business to operate and are not easily adjustable in the short term.
2. Variable Overhead Costs: These expenses fluctuate based on the level of production or sales. Variable overhead costs can include direct labor costs, utilities, and raw materials. Unlike fixed overhead costs, variable costs can be more easily controlled and adjusted to reflect changes in business activity.

The Impact of Overhead Costs on Financial Performance

Proper management of overhead costs is crucial for maintaining a healthy financial performance. Excessive overhead costs can lead to reduced profitability and even financial distress. Here are some key points to consider:

• Profit Margins: High overhead costs can eat into a company's profit margins. Businesses must find a balance between managing overhead costs while maintaining the quality and efficiency of their operations.
• Operational Efficiency: Effective overhead cost management is essential for optimizing operational efficiency. By identifying areas of unnecessary costs and streamlining processes, businesses can improve their overall performance.
• Competitive Advantage: Overhead costs can impact a company's competitiveness in the market. Lower overhead costs allow businesses to offer more competitive pricing or invest in innovation and growth strategies.
• Investor Confidence: Investors closely monitor a company's overhead costs as an indicator of financial stability and management efficiency. Controlling overhead costs demonstrates responsible financial management and can attract potential investors.

Strategies for Managing Overhead Costs

Managing overhead costs requires a proactive approach. Here are some strategies that businesses can employ:

• Budgeting and Monitoring: Developing a comprehensive budget and regularly monitoring expenses can help identify areas of excessive overhead costs and focus on cost-saving measures.
• Process Streamlining: Analyzing existing processes and simplifying workflows can lead to more efficient operations and reduced overhead costs.
• Outsourcing: Outsourcing non-core activities or services can help reduce overhead costs associated with staffing and infrastructure.
• Technology Utilization: Leveraging technology solutions can automate tasks, improve productivity, and reduce overhead costs in the long run.
• Negotiating with Suppliers: Regularly reviewing and negotiating contracts with suppliers can help lower input costs and optimize purchasing strategies.

Conclusion

Understanding and managing overhead costs is essential for the financial success of any business. By carefully analyzing and controlling these expenses, businesses can improve their financial performance, enhance competitiveness, and attract investor confidence. Implementing effective strategies to manage overhead costs can lead to a more sustainable and profitable future for businesses.

Thank you for taking the time to read this article. We hope it provided valuable insights into the concept of overhead costs and the importance of managing them effectively in business.

七、如何建立数据库，利用什么软件建立数据库？

啥叫数据库？excel也可以算，access也可以算，mysql也可以算，hbase也可以算，你要数据库干啥，决定了你怎么搭建数据库。

八、数据库设计?

本文档明确数据库设计原则和规范，规范数据库对象命名方式，见名知意，强化分工，保证数据库高效稳定运行

1 数据库设计原则

1) 充分考虑业务逻辑和数据分离，数据库只作为一个保证ACID特性的关系数据的持久化存储系统，尽量减少使用自定义函数、存储过程和视图，不用触发器。

2) 充分考虑数据库整体安全设计，数据库管理和使用人员权限分离。

3) 充分考虑具体数据对象的访问频度及性能需求，结合主机、存储等需求，做好数据库性能设计。

4) 充分考虑数据增长模型，决策是否采用“分布式（水平拆分或者垂直拆分）”模式。

5) 充分考虑业务数据安全等级，设计合适的备份和恢复策略。

2 设计规范

2.1 约定

1) 一般情况下设计遵守数据的设计规范3NF，尽量减少非标准范式或者反模式使用。

3NF规定：

Ø 表内的每一个值都只能被表达一次。

Ø 表内的每一行都应该被唯一的标识（有唯一键）。

Ø 表内不应该存储依赖于其他键的非键信息。

常见关键字（不得直接作为相关命名）：range、match、delayed、select、and、from、where、not、in、out、add、as、user、name、key、index、type、group、order、max、min、count、concat、by、desc、asc、null等等，更多请参考 MySQL 官方保留字。

2) 数据库和表的字符集统一：字符集（utf8mb4），排序规则（utf8mb4_general_ci）

2.2 表设计规范

1) 应该根据系统架构中的组件划分，针对每个组件所处理的业务进行组件单元的数据库设计；不同组件间所对应的数据库表之间的关联应尽可能减少，确保组件对应的表之间的独立性，为系统或表结构的重构提供可能性。

2) 采用领域模型驱动的方式和自顶向下的思路进行数据库设计，首先分析系统业务，根据职责定义对象。对象要符合封装的特性，确保与职责相关的数据项被定义在一个对象之内，不会出现职责描述缺失或多余。

3) 应针对所有表的主键和外键建立索引，有针对性地建立组合属性的索引。

4) 尽量少采用存储过程。

5) 设计出的表要具有较好的使用性。

6) 设计出的表要尽可能减少数据冗余，确保数据的准确性。

2.3 字段规范

1) 一行记录必须表内唯一，表必须有主键。

2) 如果数据库类型为MYSQL ，应尽量以自增INT类型为主键。如果数据库类型为ORACLE，建议使用UUID为主键。

3) 日期字段，如需要按照时间进行KEY分区或者子分区，则使用VARCHAR2类型存储，存储格式为：YYYYMMDD 。如若不需要以KEY形式作为分区列，则使用DATE或者DATETIME类型存储。不建议使用时间戳存储时间。

4) 字段名称和字段数据类型对应，如DATE命名字段，则存储时间精确到日，如TIME命名字段，则存储时间精确到时分秒，甚至毫秒。

2.4 命名规范类

2.4.1 约定

1) 数据库对象命名清晰，尽量做到见名知意，在进行数据库建模时备注对象，便于他人理解。

2) 数据库类型为MYSQL,采用全小写英文单词

3) 数据库类型为ORACLE，则使用驼峰式命名规范

4) 数据库对象命名长度不能超过30个字符

3 管理范围

管理数据库中所有对象，包括库，表，视图，索引，过程，自定义函数，包，序列，触发器等

3.1 建库

1) 数据库名：采用小写英文单词简拼或汉字小写拼音,多个单词或拼音采用下划线"_"连接

2) 数据库编码规则及排序规则：字符集（utf8mb4），排序规则（utf8mb4_general_ci）

3) 建库其他要求：库名与应用名称尽量一致

3.2 建表

表名应使用名词性质小写英文单词。如果需要单词词组来进行概括，单词与单词之间使用英文半角输入状态下_连接。如果超长，则从前面单词开始截取，保留单词前三位，保留完整的最后一个单词，如果依然超长，则保留前面单词首字母，直接和最后一个单词连接；临时表命名以TMP开头，命名格式为TMP_模块/用途名称_名字拼音首字母；表名不能直接采用关键字命名

1) 表命名：采用“业务名称_表的作用”格式命名（例如：alipay_task / force_project / trade_config）

2) 建表其他要求：表名长度不能超过30个字符；一定要指定一个主键字段；必须要根据业务对表注释；如果修改字段含义或对字段表示的状态追加时，需要及时更新字段注释；

3) 表必备字段：

`is_delete` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态（1删除、0未删除）',

`is_enabled` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '状态（1启用、0作废）',

`op_first` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',

`op_first_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',

`op_last` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',

`op_last_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',

3.3 建字段

1) 字段命名：

表中标识唯一性字段必须以标识性简称+id命名。其余字段根据存储信息，使用名词性质英文单词表示，如需要单词词组来进行概括，单词与单词之间使用英文半角输入状态下_连接。外键引用字段使用外键表_id的形式命名；字段名必须使用小写字母或数字，禁止出现数字开头，禁止两个下划线中间只出现数字；表达是与否概念的字段，必须使用 is_xxx 的方式命名，数据类型是 unsigned tinyint；表达逻辑删除的字段名 is_deleted，1 表示删除，0 表示未删除

2) 字段类型、长度

如果存储的字符串长度几乎相等，使用 char 定长字符串类型；小数类型为 decimal；id 必为主键，类型为 bigint unsigned；应尽量以自增INT类型为主键；优先选择符合存储需要的最小的数据类型；将字符串转化为数字类型存储；对于非负数据采用无符号整形进行存储signed int -2147483648-2147483648，unsigned int 0-2147483648，有符号比无符号多出一倍的存储空间；varchar(n) n代表字符数，不是字节数，varchar(255)=765个字节，过大的长度会消耗更多的内存；避免使用text\BLOB数据类型，建议text\BLOB列分离到单独的扩展表中，text\BLOB类型只能使用前缀索引；避免使用enum数据类型，修改enum需要使用alter语句，enum类型的order by操作效率低，需要额外操作，禁止使用数值作为enum的枚举值；尽可能把所有列定义为not null，索引null列需要额外的空间来保存，所以要占用更多的空间，进行比较和计算时要对null值做特别的处理；禁止字符串存储日期型的数据，缺点1：无法用日期函数进行计算和比较，缺点2：用字符串存储日期要占用更多的空间；使用timestamp或datetime类型存储时间，timestamp存储空间更小；财务的相关金额使用decimal类型，decimal类型为精准浮点数，在计算时不会丢失精度，float、double非精准浮点数

3) 字段其他要求

字段名称长度不能超过30个字符、尽量减少或者不使用联合主键、字段尽可能不允许为null(为null时设定默认值)、文本类型字段，属性 字符集（utf8mb4），排序规则（utf8mb4_general_ci）、字段必须根据业务进行注释。

3.4 建索引

主键索引名为 pk_字段名；唯一索引名为 uk_字段名；普通索引名则为 idx_字段名。

说明：pk_ 即 primary key；uk_ 即 unique key；idx_ 即 index 的简称。

3.5 创建数据库表视图

1) 视图命名：以"v_项目名/模块名_用途"格式命名

2) 视图其他要求：视图名称长度不能超过30个字符

3.6 建存储过程及自定义数据库函数

1) 存储过程命名：以"sp_用途"格式命名

2) 自定义数据库函数：以“fn_用途”格式命名

3) 存储过程或自定义数据库函数：参数命名以“p_”开头命名；内部变量命名以“v_”开头命名；游标命名以“cur_loop_”开头命名；循环变量命名以“i_found_”开头命名。

3.7 建数据库用户

用户命名：采用授权用户姓名全拼小写命名

3.8 其他要求

1) 查询大数据表，参数字段需建索引；

2) 数据库表、字段删除或变更操作（a-不需要的表或字段，一般备注“作废”即可;b-需要修改的表或字段，先备注作废原表或原字段，再创建新表或新字段，且备注好作废原因。）；

九、数据库类型有哪些，目前主流数据库是哪种？

关系型数据库，非关系型数据库（NoSQL），键值（Key-value）数据库。主流的数据库那就是关系型数据库了，特别是关系型数据库中的分布式数据库。墨天轮最新排名（2022.11）数据库前十榜单中关系型数据库占了1-9名，前二十榜单中也仅有两个非关系型数据库。关系型数据库之所以占了绝大部分数据库份额，是因为关系型数据库作为成熟的数据库技术理念，其精髓的范式设计，严谨的一致性，原子性，完整性等优势是无法被取代的。

AntDB在运营商深耕了十几年，覆盖了OLTP与OLAP场景，是非常典型的HTAP类型的关系型数据库，业务覆盖计费、CRM等核心交易，同时覆盖清算分析等分析型业务。比如AntDB数据库服务于中国电信某省计费系统上云，包含数据层、批价和出账流程等大规模业务。在系统设计上，将资源、资产等交易热数据迁移到AntDB数据库，极大地提高了业务关键数据的访问效率，整体提高了话单事务的处理性能。AntDB数据库支撑10亿用户的通信交易场景，进行在线交易与数据分析处理的HTAP混合负载，帮助客户解决核心系统解决海量数据管理难题，基于分布式的架构设计，实现了在线弹性伸缩、强一致性事务、跨机房高可用等能力。

十、数据库设计 案例?

以下是一个简单的MySQL数据库设计案例，以存储学生和课程信息为例：

假设我们有两个实体：学生（Student）和课程（Course），每个学生可以选择多个课程，每个课程可以被多个学生选择。

首先，我们创建两个表来表示学生和课程：

Student表

列名	类型
student_id	INT (主键)
name	VARCHAR
age	INT
gender	VARCHAR

Course表

列名	类型
course_id	INT (主键)
name	VARCHAR
credit	INT
instructor	VARCHAR

接下来，我们需要创建一个关联表来存储学生和课程之间的关系，表示学生选择了哪些课程：

Student_Course表

列名	类型
student_id	INT (外键)
course_id	INT (外键)

在Student_Course表中，student_id和course_id列分别作为外键，关联到Student表和Course表的主键。

这种设计模式称为"多对多"关系，通过使用关联表来实现学生和课程之间的多对多关系。

通过以上的数据库设计，你可以存储和查询学生、课程以及学生选择的课程的信息。当然，具体的数据库设计取决于你的实际需求和业务规则，上述仅提供了一个简单的示例。